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Mathematics

The language that keeps turning out to describe things it was not built for.

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8:48

Goldberg Variations

Johann Sebastian Bach · 1986

The Goldberg Variations is a 1741 harpsichord work by J.S. Bach. It contains an aria and thirty variations built on the aria’s bass line and chord progression — not its melody. Bach specified a two-manual instrument and marked eleven variations for two manuals, three for either. It was published during his lifetime by Balthasar Schmid of Nuremberg using engraved copper plates. It is the fourth and final volume of the Clavier-Übung series and contains nine canons.

9:11

The Art of Fugue

Johann Sebastian Bach · 1995

The Art of Fugue is not a piece to be performed. It is a set of problems posed in musical notation. Its 1995 recording makes no claim to solve them — only to present the lines as clearly as possible. It is austere. It is complete in its incompleteness. It asks only that you follow the voices.

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8:58

Glassworks

Philip Glass · 1982

Glassworks is a six-movement chamber work Philip Glass wrote for the recording studio after his large concert and stage pieces, released by CBS in 1982 on LP and on cassette, each with its own mix. It was meant to bring his music to a wider audience, and it did: the album sold well and made his name widely known.

2:00

20 Golden Greats

Buddy Holly, The Crickets · 1978

20 Golden Greats was first issued in Britain in 1978, collecting recordings associated with Buddy Holly and the Crickets from 1956–58. It also circulated as Buddy Holly Lives. The release date belongs to the retrospective, not to a newly assembled performing group.

2:05

808s & Heartbreak

Kanye West · 2008

Released in 2008, 808s & Heartbreak followed the death of Kanye West's mother and the end of his engagement. His fourth studio album shifts much of its emphasis from rapping to singing. That change makes the handling of the voice the central question of the record.

2:10

A Nod Is As Good As a Wink... to a Blind Horse

Faces · 1971

Faces' third album was their second release of 1971. Glyn Johns shared production duties, helping shape a programme shorter and more concentrated than its predecessors. Rod Stewart's growing solo profile is part of the context, but Ronnie Lane's three lead vocals make the group's broader identity essential.